International Journal of School Health

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Authorship Rules and Regulations

Indexing and Abstracting

Peer Review Process

Metrics

Forms

Factors Affecting Oral Hygiene Behavior in 9-12-Year-Old Children Based on Data from Fars Birth Cohort Study

Document Type : Research Article (s)

Authors

1 Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Several factors may influence oral hygiene behavior, which is essential for oral health and well-being in children. This study aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to the oral hygiene behaviors in children, especially mothers’ oral hygiene behaviors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from the fifth phase of Fars Birth Cohort Study were used. Our focus was on a group of 1143 children aged 9-12 years old in the year 2021. The demographic, socio-economic variables as well as oral hygiene behaviors of children and their mothers were assessed. The score for oral hygiene behavior was determined based on self-reported practices of brushing, flossing, and mouthwash, ranged between 0 and 3. The factors related to children’s oral hygiene behavior were examined by logistic regression analysis.
Results: In this study, 345 (30.2%) of the children (50.3% females, average age 10.33±0.48 years) did not brush their teeth, 1042 (91.2%) did not use dental floss, and 1083 (94.8%) did not use mouthwash. The mean score for oral hygiene behavior in children was 0.83±0.67. Mothers had a higher mean score of 1.42±0.74 (P<0.001). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with oral hygiene behavior in children, including higher scores for mothers’ oral hygiene behavior (OR=2.18, P<0.001), living in the center of the province (OR=0.73, P=0.04), having insurance (OR=1.47, P=0.03), and having a government-employed mother (OR=0.52, P=0.025). Children with regular six-monthly or yearly visits had higher odds compared with those who visited the dentist only when a problem arose (OR=7.27, P=0.009, and OR=2.33, P=0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: The study revealed unacceptable oral hygiene behaviors in 9-12-year-old children, and showed the gap between oral hygiene behavior in mothers and children. The mother’s role in promoting oral health and hygiene is crucial. Future research should consider mediating and confounding impacts of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral hygiene.

Highlights

Mohsen Sharif Zadeh Ardakani: (Google Scholar), (PubMed)

Sulmaz Ghahramani: (Google Scholar), (PubMed)

 

 

How to Cite: Sharif Zadeh Ardakani M, Ghahramani S, Heydari ST, Bakhtiar M, Ghoreishi PS, Bagheri Lankarani K. Factors Affecting Oral Hygiene Behavior in 9-12-Year-Old Children Based on Data from Fars Birth Cohort Study. Int. J. School. Health. 2024;11(1):59-66. doi: 10.30476/INTJSH.2024.101043.1366.

Keywords

References
  1. Lertpimonchai A, Rattanasiri S, Arj-Ong Vallibhakara S, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. The association between oral hygiene and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Dent J. 2017;67(6):332-343. doi: 10.1111/idj.12317. PubMed PMID: 28646499. ##
  2. Sheiham A, Watt RG. The Common Risk Factor Approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2000;28(6):399-406; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5724709. ##
  3. Khoshnevisan MH, Shariatpanahi SP, Sadeghipour-Roudsari M, Namdari M, Niknejad F, Malek-Mohammadi M. Influence of maternal oral healthcare behavior during childhood on children’s oral health care during adolescence. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol. 2020;9(1):45-53. doi: 10.22122/johoe.v9i1.1058. ##
  4. Seabra RMF, Reis FRM, Novo VAC, Rego Simões CMA, Sa-Couto P, Simões JL. Knowledge and behaviors of oral health in children: A cross-sectional and correlational study. American Journal of Nursing Study. 2021;2(1015):34-41. ##
  5. Hujoel PP, Hujoel MLA, Kotsakis GA. Personal oral hygiene and dental caries: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Gerodontology. 2018;35(4):282-289. doi: 10.1111/ger.12331. PubMed PMID: 29766564. ##
  6. Duangthip D, Chu CH. Challenges in oral hygiene and oral health policy. Frontiers in Oral Health; 2020. p. 575428. doi: 10.3389/froh.2020.575428. ##
  7. Wen PYF, Chen MX, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM. Global Burden and Inequality of Dental Caries, 1990 to 2019. J Dent Res. 2022;101(4):392-399. doi: 10.1177/00220345211056247. PubMed PMID: 34852668. ##
  8. Bahrami G, Takaffoli M, Vameghi M. Protective and Risk Factors of Mental Health in Iranian Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2022;28(3):300-13. doi: 10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.3976.1. ##
  9. Paterson JE, Gao W, Sundborn G, Cartwright S. Maternal self-report of oral health in six-year-old Pacific children from South Auckland, New Zealand. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(1):19-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00575.x. PubMed PMID: 21029145. ##
  10. Emamgholipour S, Arab M, Biglariyan A, Mirrezayi S. Socio-Economic Determinants of Children Oral Health at Beginning of Primary School. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry. 2017;12(2):1-12. doi: 10.29252/ijpd.12.2.1. ##
  11. Alayadi H, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. Examining the relationship between oral health-promoting behavior and dental visits. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2019;13(3):40-43. PubMed PMID: 31123439; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6512153. ##
  12. Marshall TA, Broffitt B, Eichenberger-Gilmore J, Warren JJ, Cunningham MA, Levy SM. The Roles of Meal, Snack, and Daily Total Food and Beverage Exposures on Caries Experience in Young Children. J Public Health Dent. 2005;65(3):166-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2005.tb02807.x. PubMed PMID: 16171262. ##
  13. Schluter PJ, Durward C, Cartwright S, Paterson J. Maternal self‐report of oral health in 4‐year‐old Pacific children from South Auckland, New Zealand: findings from the Pacific Islands Families Study. J Public Health Dent. 2007;67(2):69-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00014.x. PubMed PMID: 17557676. ##
  14. Dumitrescu R, Sava-Rosianu R, Jumanca D, Balean O, Damian LR, Campus GG, et al. Dental Caries, Oral Health Behavior, and Living Conditions in 6-8-Year-Old Romanian School Children. Children (Basel). 2022;9(6):903. doi: 10.3390/children9060903. PubMed PMID: 35740840; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9222191. ##
  15. Maharlouei N, Sarkarinejad A, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rezaianzadeh A, Bagheri Lankarani K. Socioeconomic Status and Child Developmental Delay: A Prospective Cohort Study. Shiraz E-Med J. 2020;22(1):e100166. doi: 10.5812/semj.100166. ##
  16. Cademartori MG, Custodio NB, Harter AL, Goettems ML. Maternal perception about child oral health is associated to child dental caries and to maternal self-report about oral health. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019;77(5):359-363. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1570332. PubMed PMID: 30789085. ##
  17. Abu-Gharbieh E, Saddik B, El-Faramawi M, Hamidi S, Basheti M. Oral health knowledge and behavior among adults in the United Arab Emirates. Biomed Res Int. 2019:7568679. ##
  18. Wardani EMK, Mozartha M, Sutiyoso H. Dental and Oral Health Maintenance Behavior in Students of SMAN 5 Palembang in The Covid-19 Pandemic. Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry. 2021;2(2):75-82. ##
  19. Levin L, Shpigel I, Peretz B. The use of a self-report questionnaire for dental health status assessment: a preliminary study. Br Dent J. 2013;214(5):E15. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.224. PubMed PMID: 23470417. ##
  20. WHO. Oral health surveys: basic methods: World Health Organization; 2013. ##
  21. Karimi SA. Assessing the tooth decay status of 2-5 years children and the role of their mothers caring behaviors; 2013. ##
  22. Fernando S, Kumar S, Bakr M, Speicher D, Lea R, Scuffham PA, et al. Children's untreated decay is positively associated with past caries experience and with current salivary loads of mutans Streptococci; negatively with self‐reported maternal iron supplements during pregnancy: a multifactorial analysis. J Public Health Dent. 2019;79(2):109-115. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12301. PubMed PMID: 30551255. ##
  23. Soltani MR, Sayadizadeh M, Raeisi Estabragh S, Ghannadan K, Malek-mohammadi M. Dental Caries Status and its Related Factors in Iran: A Meta-Analysis. J Dent (Shiraz). 2020;21(3):158-176. doi: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.82596.1024. PubMed PMID: 33062809; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7519938. ##
  24. Habibian M, Roberts G, Lawson M, Stevenson R, Harris S. Dietary habits and dental health over the first 18 months of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29(4):239-46. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290401.x. PubMed PMID: 11515636. ##
  25. Achmad H, Armedina RN, Timokhina T, Goncharov VV, Sitanaya R, Riyanti E. Literature review: Problems of dental and oral health primary school children. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2021;15(2). doi: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15019. ##
  26. da Fonseca MA, Avenetti D. Social determinants of pediatric oral health. Dent Clin North Am. 2017;61(3):519-532. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.02.002. PubMed PMID: 28577634. ##
  27. Lewis CW, Grossman DC, Domoto PK, Deyo RA. The role of the pediatrician in the oral health of children: A national survey. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):E84. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.6.e84. PubMed PMID: 11099627. ##
  28. AbulazizAlmidaj M, Altariqi AA, ThafarAldaosari M, Shaikh S, AlBlehed AK, Aljabr AA. The Effect of Mother’s Education Level on Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among Pre-School Children of Zulfi Region, Saudi Arabia. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(4). ##
  29. Northridge ME, Kumar A, Kaur R. Disparities in Access to Oral Health Care. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020;41:513-535. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094318. PubMed PMID: 31900100; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7125002. ##
  30. Amin T, Al‐Abad B. Oral hygiene practices, dental knowledge, dietary habits and their relation to caries among male primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6(4):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00310.x. PubMed PMID: 19138188. ##
  31. Rad M, Shahravan A, Haghdoost AA. Effective Factors on Oral Health Behaviors of 12-year-old Children in Cities and Villages of Iran: a Path Analysis. J Dent (Shiraz). 2018;19(3):225-231. PubMed PMID: 30175193; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6092467. ##
  32. Zivkovic N, Aldossri M, Gomaa N, Farmer JW, Singhal S, Quiñonez C, et al. Providing dental insurance can positively impact oral health outcomes in Ontario. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4967-3. PubMed PMID: 32066434; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7027064. ##
  33. Ghahramani S, Ziar N, Moradi N, Bagheri Lankarani K, Sayari M. Preserving natural teeth versus extracting them: a willingness to pay analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):375. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02404-x. PubMed PMID: 36058912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9441316. ##
  34. Kato H, Tanaka K, Shimizu K, Nagata C, Furukawa S, Arakawa M, et al. Parental occupations, educational levels, and income and prevalence of dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese children. Environ Health Prev Med. 2017;22(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12199-017-0688-6. PubMed PMID: 29237397; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5729505. ##
  35. Arora A, Khattri S, Ismail NM, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Eachempati P. School dental screening programmes for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;8(8):Cd012595. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012595.pub3. PubMed PMID: 31425627; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6953367. ##
  36. Beil H, Rozier RG, Preisser JS, Stearns SC, Lee JY. Effects of early dental office visits on dental caries experience. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(10):1979-85. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301325. PubMed PMID: 24134364; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4167088. ##
  37. Large JF, Madigan C, Pradeilles R, Markey O, Boxer B, Rousham EK. Impact of unhealthy food and beverage consumption on children's risk of dental caries: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2023:nuad147. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad147. PubMed PMID: 38086176. ##
  38. Guo A, Wide U, Arvidsson L, Eiben G, Hakeberg M. Dietary intake and meal patterns among young adults with high caries activity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02227-w. PubMed PMID: 35590301; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9118703. ##
  39. Chapain K, Rampal KG, Pokhrel K, Adhikari C, Hamal D, Pokhrel K. Factors affecting oral health problems among school children in Kaski District, Nepal. 2022. doi: 10.1101/2022.04.25.22274284. ##
  40. Cascaes AM, Peres KG, Peres MA, Demarco FF, Santos I, Matijasevich A, et al. Validity of 5-year-old children's oral hygiene pattern referred by mothers. Revista de saude publica. 2011;45(4):668-75. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102011005000033. PubMed PMID: 21655701. ##
International Journal of School Health
Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 41
January 2024
Pages 59-66
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics